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ʻO ka makapō makapō ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kekahi mau kala i ke ala maʻamau.

Hiki mai ka makapō makapō ke loaʻa ka pilikia me nā pigment i kekahi mau ʻāʻī nerve o ka maka i ʻike i ke kala. Kapa ʻia kēia mau hunaola nā ʻohā. Loaʻa lākou i ka papa mālamalama o nā mea i ka hope o ka maka, i kapa ʻia ka retina.

Inā hoʻokahi pigment e nalo ana, pilikia paha ʻoe i ka haʻi ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kēia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka makapō makapō. Inā nalowale kahi pigment ʻokoʻa, pilikia paha ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kala polū-melemele. ʻO ka poʻe me ka makapō uliuli-melemele i ka ʻike pinepine ʻana i nā ʻulaʻula a me nā greens.

ʻO ke ʻano koʻikoʻi loa o ka makapō makapō kahi achromatopsia. He kūlana kakaʻikahi kēia i hiki ʻole i ke kanaka ke ʻike i kekahi kala, nā waihoʻoluʻu wale o ka hina.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka makapō makapō ma muli o kahi pilikia genetika. Ma kahi o 1 o 10 mau kāne i kekahi ʻano o ka waihoʻoluʻu makapō. Liʻiliʻi loa nā wahine makapō.

Hiki i ka lāʻau hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) ke kumu i ka makapō ʻana o ke kala. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i ka rheumatoid arthritis a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.


Hoʻololi nā ʻōuli i kēlā me kēia kanaka, akā hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia:

  • Ka pilikia o ka ʻike ʻana i nā waihoʻoluʻu a me ka ʻōlinolino o nā waihoʻoluʻu i ke ala maʻamau
  • ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā aka o nā kala like a like ʻole

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, akahai nā ʻōuli i ʻike ʻole paha ka poʻe he makapō ko lākou kala. E ʻike paha kekahi makua i nā ʻōuli o ka makapō ʻana o ke kala ke aʻo mua ʻia kahi keiki i nā kala.

Hiki i nā neʻe maka, ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao (nystagmus) a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe ke kū i nā hihia koʻikoʻi.

Hiki i kāu mea mālama ola a i ʻole ka loea maka ke nānā i kāu ʻike kala i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no ka makapō ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu kahi ʻāpana maʻamau o ka hoʻokolohua maka.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia. Hiki i nā aniani kaulike kūikawā a me nā aniani ke kōkua i ka poʻe me ka makapō o ka waihoʻoluʻu e haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kala like.

ʻO ka makapō waihoʻoluʻu kahi kūlana o ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ke hoʻoponopono iā ia.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe polū ke loaʻa kahi hana e koi ai i ka hiki ke ʻike pololei i nā kala. ʻO kahi laʻana, pono i nā uila, nā mea pena, a me nā mea hoʻolālā kiʻi ke ʻike pono i nā kala.


Kāhea i kāu mea lawelawe a mea loea maka paha inā manaʻo ʻoe he makapō ʻōuli kou (a i ʻole ʻo kāu keiki).

ʻAno kala kala; Makapō - kala

Baldwin AN, Robson AG, Moore AT, Duncan JL.Nā hana kūpono ʻole o ke koʻokoʻo a me ka cone function. I: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. ʻO Ryan's Retina. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 46.

ʻO Crouch ER, ʻo Crouch ER, ʻo Grant TR. Ophthalmology. I: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Puke aʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻohana. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 17.

ʻO Wiggs JL. Nā genetics Molecular o nā maʻi ocular i wae ʻia. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 1.2.

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