Nā ʻano māhoe
Anter
- Mau māhoe like
- Mahoe māhoe
- Aia kekahi ʻano ʻekolu?
- Nā hanana hanana ʻole o nā hāpai māhoe
- Nā māhoe kiʻi aniani
- Nā māhoe hoʻohui
- Mau māhoe Parasitic
- Mau māhoe semi-identical
- Keiki kāne / kaikamahine monozygotic (ʻelua) māhoe
- ʻO nā māhoe hoahānau kū hoʻokahi
- Nā māhoe me nā makahiki ʻokoʻa
- Māhoe me nā mākua ʻokoʻa
- Nā māhoe o nā lāhui like ʻole
- Nā pilikia olakino i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana o ka māhoe
- ʻO ka lawe lawe ʻana
Mahalo ka poʻe i nā māhoe, a mahalo i ka hapa nui i ka holomua o ka ʻepekema momona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māhoe ma mua o nā manawa ʻē aʻe i ka mōʻaukala. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), i ka 2017, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he māhoe lāua.
ʻO nā māhoe like a me nā hoahānau ka mea maʻamau, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano laha ʻole ʻē aʻe. E heluhelu e aʻo hou e pili ana i nā māhoe.
Mau māhoe like
Kāhea ʻia nā māhoe like: monozygotic twins, ʻo ia hoʻi hoʻokahi hua manu momona. Kū lākou i ka manawa e hoʻouluulu ʻia ai hoʻokahi hua e hoʻokahi sperm e like me ka maʻamau, akā hoʻokaʻawale ka hua i ʻelua ma hope koke iho. Ulu kēlā me kēia hapalua a lilo i pēpē.
No ka mea mai ka hua manu a me ka sperm hoʻokahi lākou, 100 pakeneka o kā lākou chromosome like. ʻO kēia ka like o ka moekolohe like a loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano genetics like, e like me ka lauoho a me ke kala o ka maka.
Eia nō naʻe, nā mea i ko lākou kaiapuni, e like me ka nui o ka lumi a lākou i loaʻa ai i ka ʻōpū, hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki i ko lākou helehelena.
Mahoe māhoe
ʻO ka inoa ʻē aʻe no nā māhoe fraternal nā māhoe dizygotic, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻelua mau hua momona. ʻO lākou ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka makuahine i ʻelua mau hua i ka manawa like me kēlā me kēia hua manu i hoʻouluulu ʻia e kahi sperm ʻokoʻa.
No ka mea hele mai lākou mai nā hua ʻokoʻa a me ka sperm, kaʻana wale lākou ma kahi o 50 pākēneka o kā lākou chromosome e like me nā kaikaina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia hiki iā lākou ke like a like ʻole i nā ʻano wahine a ʻaʻole like.
Aia kekahi ʻano ʻekolu?
Aia paha he kolu o ke ʻano i kapa ʻia he kino polar a i ʻole hapa māhoe like. Hōʻike kekahi mau kauka e wehewehe kēia i ke kumu o ka nānā like ʻana o nā māhoe fraternal, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia e noho nei kēia ʻano.
Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi hua manu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ʻelua. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana ʻelua i kapa ʻia he kino polar. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea āpau e pono ai e ulu a lilo i pēpē inā momona ia. Eia nō naʻe, he liʻiliʻi loa ka wai (cytoplasm) i loko ona, no laila he mea liʻiliʻi ia e ola ai.
Inā ola ke kino polar, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia e hoʻokahi sperm ke hoʻohui ʻia ka hapa nui o ka hua manu e kekahi. ʻO ka hopena he māhoe polar.
No ka mea mai lākou i hoʻokahi hua manu, like nā chromosome mai ko lākou makuahine. ʻAʻole lākou i kaʻana i kekahi chromosome mai ko lākou makuakāne. ʻAʻole like a like ʻole paha lākou ke kāne.
Nā hanana hanana ʻole o nā hāpai māhoe
Hoʻopau ka hapanui o nā hāpai keiki māhoe me nā pēpē olakino ʻelua. I kekahi manawa, hana ʻia nā hanana hanana i ka wā o ka momona a i ʻole i ka wā mua o kahi hāpai hāpai māhoe e alakaʻi i nā māhoe kū hoʻokahi.
Nā māhoe kiʻi aniani
He subtype kēia o nā māhoe like e hana ana ke wāwahi ka hua i 7 a 12 mau lā ma hope o ka momona, ma kahi o ka pule mua. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ka embryo ulu i ka ʻaoʻao hema a ʻākau.
Kūlike kēia mau māhoe akā nā aniani aniani o kekahi.
ʻO kahi laʻana, hele a puni paha ko lākou lauoho i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻomaka paha ko lākou niho i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ko lākou waha, a lima ʻākau paha kekahi ma ka lima hema. Hiki paha iā lākou ke kau i ko lākou mau wāwae i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
Nā māhoe hoʻohui
ʻO kēia nā māhoe like e pili pono i kekahi i kekahi.
Wahi a kekahi mau kauka no ka hua manu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā lā he 12 a ʻoi paha ma hope o ka hapai ʻana. Wahi a kekahi poʻe he hua manu kēlā i hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia akā ma hope ua hoʻopili hou ʻia.
ʻOkoʻa ka wahi o ka fusion, akā ʻo ka pinepine o ka umauma a i ʻole ka ʻōpū. Hoʻololi pū ka nui o ka fusion, akā ʻaneʻane mau ka māhoe i ka mahele i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ʻola nui.
Make pinepine nā māhoe hoʻohui ma mua o ka manawa pokole ma hope o ko lāua hānau ʻia ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā mau mea i ola i kekahi manawa ke kaukaʻi ʻia i kahi a lākou e hui ai a i nā ʻāpana a lākou e kaʻana like ai.
ʻOiai hui ʻia, ʻo kēia māhoe he ʻelua mau kānaka i hiki ke noʻonoʻo kūʻokoʻa.
Mau māhoe Parasitic
ʻO nā māhoe Parasite kahi ʻano māhoe i hoʻohui ʻia kahi e pili ana kahi māhoe liʻiliʻi i ka nui nui. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu piha ʻia ka māhoe liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha he lālā nui e like me ka lolo a puʻuwai i hana ʻia.
Hiki i ka māhoe liʻiliʻi ke hana ma nā wahi āpau o ke kino o nā māhoe ʻē aʻe a ʻike ʻia e like me kekahi mea e like me ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ʻike ʻole ʻia, kahi poʻo ʻelua hana ʻole, a i ʻole nā lālā keu i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻāpana kino ʻole.
Nā Subtypes o nā māhoe parasite e komo pū me:
- Fetus in fetu. ʻO kēia ke ulu kahi māhoe parasite i loko o ke kino o ka māhoe nui ma mua o waho o ia.
- ʻO nā māhoe Acardiac. Hana ʻia ka māhoe i ka māhoe transfusion maʻi ke loaʻa kahe o ke koko i hoʻokahi māhoe like a loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi i kekahi ma o ka placenta kaʻana like. Loaʻa i nā māhoe Acardiac kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o kēia kahi o ka māhoe liʻiliʻi he torso wale me nā wāwae ʻole a nona ka puʻuwai e nalo a hewahewa paha.
Mau māhoe semi-identical
ʻO kēia ʻano ka hopena o ʻelua mau spmother ʻokoʻa e hoʻomomona ana i hoʻokahi hua. I mea e ola ai, pono e hoʻokaʻawale kēia hua manu i ʻelua me kēlā me kēia hapalua me ka helu kūpono o nā chromosome.
ʻElua wale nō hihia i hōʻike ʻia o nā māhoe semi-identical.
Keiki kāne / kaikamahine monozygotic (ʻelua) māhoe
I nā hihia kakaikahi loa, hiki i nā māhoe like ke ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻomaka kēia mau māhoe ma ke ʻano he māhoe kāne like. E like me nā kāne āpau, loaʻa iā lāua he chromosome XY wahine, ma kahi o XX e like me nā wahine āpau.
Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hua i loko o ʻelua, kahi mutation genetical kumu e lilo ai ka māhoe hoʻokahi i kāna chromosome wahine Y, e hoʻololi nei iā X0. Kapa ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻana ʻo Turner Syndrome.
ʻOiai aia hoʻokahi chromosome X wale, nānā ka māhoe i ka wahine akā he mau pilikia hoʻomohala e hoʻomaka ana i ka wā hānau a me nā pilikia hānau ma hope o ke ola. ʻAʻole pili ka pēpē ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā māhoe hoahānau kū hoʻokahi
Nā māhoe me nā makahiki ʻokoʻa
ʻO Superfetation e pili ana i ka momona o kahi hua manu ʻelua i ka wahine i hāpai mua.
He mea liʻiliʻi loa ia no ka mea maʻa mau nā wahine i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hua manu ke hāpai lākou. Ke hana kēia i ka wā o ka menstrual cycle like ia i kapa ʻia ʻo superfecundation.
Māhoe me nā mākua ʻokoʻa
ʻO ka superfecundation Heteropaternal ka manawa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hua ʻelua i nā manawa like ʻole i ka pōʻaiapili ovulate like e nā mākua ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau i nā holoholona akā kākaʻikahi loa i ka poʻe.
Nā māhoe o nā lāhui like ʻole
Hiki ke hana maʻamau kēia i ʻekolu mau ala, akā ʻaʻole nui nā mea āpau:
- Hānau ʻia nā māhoe Fraternal i nā mākua ʻokoʻa nā lāhui. Loaʻa i kahi māhoe i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka makuahine a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e lawe ma hope o ka makuakāne.
- ʻO ka superfecundation Heteropaternal kahi mau lāhui ʻokoʻa nā makuakāne ʻelua. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia māhoe nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lāhui a ko lākou makua kāne ponoʻī.
- Pili nā mākua ʻelua. ʻO nā gen i ka sperm a i ʻole ka hua manu o kahi kanaka biracial e alakaʻi maʻamau i nā hiʻohiʻona i hui ʻia o nā lāhui ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, inā nā genes mai ka sperm a me ka hua manu no hoʻokahi māhoe e alakaʻi i ka hapanui i nā hiʻohiʻona o kekahi lāhui ʻoiai nā genes no kekahi māhoe ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi i ka hapanui i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lāhui ʻē aʻe, e like nā māhoe me nā lāhui ʻokoʻa.
Nā pilikia olakino i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana o ka māhoe
Manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā hāpai keiki me nā fetus he nui no ka mea he nui aʻe ka manawa o nā pilikia e like me:
Mahalo
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