Mahana Mahana: Kahi Alakaʻi i ke kuke palekana ʻana

Anter

• Alakaʻi i nā mahana wela o kaʻiʻo
• Manuʻai manu
• Pipi
• Hipa a me ka ʻokiʻoki
• ʻO ka puaʻa a me ka ham
• Pāʻani hihiu
• Pehea e lawe ai i ka mahana o kaʻiʻo
• Ke koho ʻana i kahi thermometer ʻai
• Ka mālama ʻana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hou
• Ke laina lalo

Hoʻopili mākou i nā huahana a mākou e manaʻo nei he pono no kā mākou poʻe heluhelu. Inā kūʻai ʻoe ma o nā loulou i kēia ʻaoʻao, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kōmike liʻiliʻi. Eia kā mākou hana.

ʻO nā kumuwaiwai protein pili i ka holoholona e like me ka pipi, ka moa, a me nā keiki hipa he nui nā meaola ().

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia mau ʻiʻo ke mālama i nā koʻohune, me ia pū kekahi Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli O157: H7, a Listeria monocytogenes, ka mea e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi maʻi i lawe ʻia mai i ka meaʻai. No laila, he mea nui e kuke i kaʻiʻo i nā mahana palekana ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana iā ia (,,).

ʻ saylelo ka poʻe loea palekana i ka meaʻai he mea palekana ia e ʻai ai ke kuke ʻia no ka lōʻihi a ma ke ana wela e lawa ai nā meaola weliweli (5).

Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā mahana kūpono no ke kuke palekana ʻana i nā ʻiʻo like ʻole a wehewehe pehea e lawe pono ai i ka mahana o kaʻiʻo.

Alakaʻi i nā mahana wela o kaʻiʻo

Hoʻololi nā mahana kuke palekana ma muli o ka ʻano o ka ʻiʻo e hoʻomākaukau ʻia.

Eia kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā mahana kūpono o loko no nā ʻano ʻoki a me nā ʻoki o kaʻiʻo, me ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana ma lalo (5, 6, 7):

Manuʻai manu

ʻO nā ʻano moa like ʻole me ka moa, ʻāpala, ka soose, ka pelehū, ka pheasant, a me ka quail. Pili kēia i nā manu holoʻokoʻa, a me nā ʻāpana āpau o kahi manu e ʻai ai ka poʻe, e like me nā ʻeheu, nā ʻūhā, nā wāwae, nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻūlū.

Hoʻomaʻa pū ʻia nā manu moa maka Campylobacter, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai i ka maʻi diarrhea ke koko, ke kuni, ka luaʻi, a me nā kūpikipiki o nā mākala. Salmonella a ʻO nā perfringens Clostridium ʻike pinepine ʻia hoʻi i nā moa moa maka a me nā kumu like like ((,,).

ʻO ke ana wela palekana no ka kuke ʻana i nā manu moa - ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa a me ka honua - he 165 ° F (75 ° C) (6).

Pipi

ʻO ka pipi o ka honua, e like me nā kinipōpō, nā sausages, a me nā burger, pono e piʻi i kahi mahana kuke o loko o 160 ° F (70 ° C). Pono e kuke i ka steak a me ka veal ma kahi o 145 ° F (65 ° C) (6, 11).

ʻOi aku ka nui o kaʻiʻo o ka honua i ka wela o ka hoʻomoʻa kūloko, no ka mea, pāhola ka bacteria a i ʻole nā ​​parasites i ka pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa ke wili ʻoe i ka ʻiʻo.

ʻO kahi pipi kahi o E. coli O157: H7, he bacteria e hiki ke hana i nā kūlana hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hemolytic uremic syndrome, i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻino ʻole o ka puʻuwai, a me ka thrombotic thrombositopenic purpura, ka mea e hoʻopili i ke koko i loko o kou kino (12,,).

ʻO ka protein i kumu i ka maʻi Creutzfeldt-Jakob, e pili ana i ka maʻi bipi wahine, i loaʻa pū ʻia i nā huahana pipi. ʻO kēia kahi maʻi lolo make i nā bipi makua i hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i nā kānaka e ʻai i ka pipi i hoʻohaumia ʻia (, 16).

Hipa a me ka ʻokiʻoki

Pili ke keiki hipa i ka ʻiʻo o nā hipa ʻōpio i ko lākou makahiki mua, ʻo ka mutton ka ʻiʻo mai nā hipa makua. ʻAi pinepine lākou i ka hana ʻole ʻia, akā ʻo kekahi mau moʻomeheu a puni ka honua e ʻai i nā keiki hipa i puhi ʻia a me ka paʻakai.

Hiki i ka ʻiʻo hipa ke loaʻa i nā pathogens, e like me Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157: H7, a Campylobacter, kahi e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā maʻi maʻi i lawe ʻia mai i ka meaʻai (5).

I mea e luku ai i kēia mau meaola, pono e kuke i ka hipa keiki i 160 ° F (70 ° C), ʻoiai e hōʻea i nā ʻāpana hipa a me ka mutton ma kahi o 145 ° F (65 ° C) (5, 6).

ʻO ka puaʻa a me ka ham

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i ka trichinosis, i kumu ʻia e ka parasite Trichinella spiralis, ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā huahana puaʻa maka a moa ʻole ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻo Trichinosis i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ke kuni, a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻū, mau no 8 mau pule a hiki i ka make i nā hanana kakaikahi (5,).

Pono e wela i ka puaʻa a ham paha i ka 145 ° F (65 ° C). Inā ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i kahi ham a i mua o ka huahana puaʻa, ʻo ka mahana palekana ʻo 165 ° F (75 ° C) (6).

He paʻakikī e hoʻoholo i kahi mahana kuke o loko o nā ʻiʻo lahilahi e like me ka puaʻa, akā inā kuke ʻia ka puaʻa a hiki i ka crispy, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e kuke piha (5).

Pāʻani hihiu

Makemake kekahi poʻe e ʻimi a ʻai paha i nā holoholona hihiu, e like me dia a me ka elk (venison), buffalo (bison), a i ʻole ka lāpaki. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano ʻiʻo o kā lākou ʻano palekana o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā mahana, akā ʻano like ia me nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe.

Pono e kuke i ka venison honua i kahi mahana haʻahaʻa o 160 ° F (70 ° C), ʻoiai e ʻoki i nā steak āpau a i ʻole nā ​​moa i 145 ° F (65 ° C) (7).

Ke hiki i kēia mau mahana kūloko, manaʻo ʻia ka wānana e palekana e ʻai me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ia, no ka mea, ʻākala paha ia i loko (7).

Pono e kuke i ka Rabbit a me ka bison honua i kahi mahana o 160 ° F (70 ° C), ʻoiai e kuke ʻia nā steak bison a me nā moa i 145 ° F (65 ° C) (5, 19).

Hoʻololi nā mahana kuke kuke kūloko i ka ʻano o ka ʻiʻo akā maʻa mau ma kahi o 145 ° F (65 ° C) no nā ʻiʻo holoʻokoʻa a me 160-165 ° F (70-75 ° C) no nā ʻiʻo lepo. Hoʻopili kēia i nā ʻiʻo kuʻuna e like me ka moa a me ka bipi, a me ka pāʻani hihiu hoʻi.

Pehea e lawe ai i ka mahana o kaʻiʻo

ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻi inā kuke pono kaʻiʻo i ka honi, ʻono ʻana, a i ʻole ke nānā aku iā ia. E hōʻoia i ka palekana, he mea nui e ʻike pehea e lawe pono ai i ka mahana o nā ʻiʻo i kuke ʻia ().

Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia kahi thermometer ʻai i loko o ka mānoanoa o kaʻiʻo. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopā i ka iwi, ka grist, a ka momona.

No nā paturger hamburger a i ʻole nā ​​umauma moa, hoʻokomo i ka thermometer ma o ka ʻaoʻao. Inā ʻoe e kuke ana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo, pono e nānā i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana (21).

Pono e heluhelu i nā mahana ma kahi o ka hopena o ka manawa kuke o ka ʻiʻo akā ma mua o ka manaʻo o ka ʻiʻo e hana ʻia (22).

Ke pau ke kuke ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, pono e noho ma kahi o ʻekolu mau minuke ma mua o ke kālai ʻia ʻana a ʻai ʻia paha. Kapa ʻia kēia wā ka manawa hoʻomaha. Aia ke kū mau ka mahana o kaʻiʻo a hoʻomau i ka piʻi ʻana, e luku ana i nā meaola ʻino (22).

Ke koho ʻana i kahi thermometer ʻai

Eia nā ʻelima o nā thermometers maʻamau no ka lawe ʻana i ka mahana o ka ʻiʻo (5):

• Nā thermometers palekana E kau i kēia thermometer 2-2.5 ʻīniha (5-6 cm) i loko o ka mānoanoa o ka ʻiʻo a heluhelu i nā hopena i 2 mau minuke. Hiki ke noho palekana i kaʻiʻo i ka kuke ʻana i ka umu.
• Nā thermometers heluhelu manawa kikohoʻe. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia thermometer i 1/2 1/2 (1.25 cm) hohonu i loko o ka ʻiʻo a hiki ke noho ma kahi e kuke ai. Mākaukau ka mahana e heluhelu ma kahi o 10 kekona.
• Kāhea i nā thermometers heluhelu koke. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano thermometer i 2-2.5 ʻīniha (5-6 cm) i loko o ka ʻāpana mānoanoa o kaʻiʻo akā ʻaʻole hiki ke noho i ka ʻiʻo ke kuke. E heluhelu i ka mahana ma 15-20 kekona.
• Nā thermometers pop-up. Kūleʻa kēia ʻano i nā manu moa a i kekahi manawa hele mai me kahi kuhukukū pūʻolo a moa paha. E pukaaniani mai ka thermometer ke hiki i kona mahana wela palekana.
• Nā hōʻailona wela hoʻolei. ʻO kēia nā mea heluhelu hoʻohana manawa hoʻokahi i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā pae mahana maʻamau. Hoʻololi lākou i ke kala i 5-10 kekona, e hōʻike ana ua mākaukau lākou e heluhelu.

Ke koho ʻana i kahi thermometer ʻai, e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka ʻiʻo āu e kuke ai, a me kāu ʻano kuke. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā kuke ʻoe i kaʻiʻo i ka manawa pinepine, makemake ʻoe i kahi thermometer lōʻihi, hoʻohana mau e lōʻihi lōʻihi.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano thermometers iʻa like ʻole ma ka ʻāina a me ka pūnaewele.

Loaʻa nā thermometers he nui e kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka hōʻea ʻana o kāu ʻiʻo i kahi mahana palekana o loko. Pili kāu koho i kāu makemake ponoʻī a me ka pinepine o kou kuke ʻana i kaʻiʻo maka.

Ka mālama ʻana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hou

Pono e mālama ʻia ka ʻiʻo mai ka wahi makaʻu - kahi pae mahana ma waena o 40 ° F (5 ° C) a me 140 ° F (60 ° C) kahi e ulu wikiwiki ai nā bacteria (5).

Ma hope o ka kuke ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, pono ia e noho ma ka liʻiliʻi o 140 ° F (60 ° C) ʻoiai e lawelawe ana, a laila e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i loko o 2 mau hola o ka kuke ʻana a lawe ʻia paha mai ka umu. Pēlā nō, nā ʻiʻo anuanu, e like me ka saladi moa a i ʻole ka sandwich ham, pono e mālama ʻia ma 40 ° F (5 ° C) a i ʻole ke anuanu (5).

ʻO ka ʻiʻo i noho ma ke ana wela no 2 mau hola, a i ʻole 90 ° F (35 ° C) no 1 hola, pono e hoʻolei ʻia (5).

ʻO nā ʻiʻo i koe a me nā pā i piha i ka ʻiʻo, me nā casseroles, nā ʻopa, a me nā ʻōpala, pono e hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia i kahi mahana o 165 ° F (75 ° C). Hiki ke hana i kēia me ka ipu hao, microwave, a umu paha (5).

He mea nui e hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i nā ʻiʻo i koe i kahi mahana palekana o 165 ° F (75 ° C). Eia nō hoʻi, i mea e pale aku ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā koʻohune, pono e mālama i nā ʻiʻo i kuke ʻia i waho o ka wahi weliweli, kahi pae mahana ma waena o 40 ° F (5 ° C) a me 140 ° F (60 ° C)

Ke laina lalo

Inā ʻoe e kuke a ʻai i ka ʻiʻo, he mea nui ia e ʻike i ka wela o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i loko e hōʻemi i kou makaʻu ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me nā maʻi mai nā mea koʻohune hiki ke hōʻeha.

Hiki i nā huahana meat ke hoʻoweliweli nui i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia mai nā meaʻai, a hiki ke koʻikoʻi loa.

Hoʻololi nā mahana kuke kuke kūloko i ka ʻano o ka ʻiʻo akā maʻa mau ma kahi o 145 ° F (65 ° C) no nā ʻiʻo holoʻokoʻa a me 160-165 ° F (70-75 ° C) no nā ʻiʻo lepo.

E koho pono i kahi thermometer iʻa e hana no ʻoe a hoʻohana mau ia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻiʻo e mālama pono ia e ʻai.