Kūpono anei ka Mīkini ʻAla? ʻAʻole mau

Anter

• He aha ka punahelu?
• ʻO nā meaʻai e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka punahelu?
• ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau e hiki ke ulu i ka mould
• Hiki i nā bacteria ke hoʻohaumia i ka meaʻai
• He aha e hana ai inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pala ma kāu meaʻai
• Nā Mea ʻai Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopakele
• Nā Mea ʻai E Pono E Kiola
• Hoʻohana ʻia ka punahelu e hana i kekahi meaʻai
• Hiki i ka punahelu ke hana i kaʻu Mycotoxins
• Aia paha nā mycotoxins i mau meaʻai
• Ma muli o ka hopena i nā hopena āpau
• Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale i ka meaʻai mai ka ulu ulu ʻana?
• Ka Laina Lalo

Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai e ka puna.

Loaʻa i kahi meaʻai momona ka ʻono a me ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole a loaʻa paha i nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo a keʻokeʻo paha.

ʻO ka manaʻo wale nō o ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai momona ka nui o ka poʻe i waho.

ʻOiai hiki i kekahi ʻano o ka mould ke hana i nā toxins weliweli, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe e hana i kekahi mau meaʻai, me kahi mau ʻaka.

Ke nānā pono nei kēia ʻatikala i ka pala ma nā meaʻai a inā he maikaʻi ʻole iā ʻoe.

He aha ka punahelu?

ʻO Mould kahi ʻano o ka fungus e hana i nā multicellular, nā ʻano like me ka pae.

ʻIke mau ʻia i ka maka o ke kanaka ke ulu ia i ka meaʻai, a hoʻololi i ka helehelena o kahi meaʻai. Hiki i ka meaʻai ke palupalu a hoʻololi i ke kala, ʻoiai ka palu iho hiki ke fluffy, fuzzy a i ʻole kahi ʻano lepo.

Hoʻopuka ia i nā spores e hāʻawi iā ia i kona kala, i ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau, keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a hina. ʻOi aku ka ʻono o nā meaʻai mōpala, ʻano like me ka lepo pulu. Pēlā nō, pilau paha ka "pala."

ʻOiai ʻike wale ʻia ka popopo ma ka ʻili, moe paha nā aʻa i loko o ka meaʻai. Pono ka punahelu i ka pulu, mehana a me nā mea meaola mahana e ulu, no laila ʻo ka meaʻai ka wahi kūpono loa.

Aia he mau kaukani a ʻano like ʻole o ka popopo a loaʻa ʻaneʻane i nā wahi āpau o ke kaiapuni. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo i ka moʻo ke ʻano o ka hana hou ʻana.

Ma waho aʻe o ka noho ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hale i nā wahi pulu (1).

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e like me ka ʻohi ʻana, ka hau ʻana a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, no ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka popopo, a me nā microbes e hōʻino ai i ka meaʻai

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:ʻO ka mould kahi ʻano fungus i loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau i ke kūlohelohe. Hoʻololi ia i ka helehelena, ʻono a me ke ʻano o nā meaʻai e ulu ai, a e pala ai.

ʻO nā meaʻai e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka punahelu?

Hiki i ka punahelu ke ulu ma kahi o nā meaʻai āpau.

ʻO kēlā, ʻo kekahi ʻano o nā meaʻai e ʻoi aku ka makaʻu i ka hoʻoulu ulu ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka meaʻai hou me kahi wai kiʻekiʻe ka mea maʻalahi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻemi ka mea mālama i ka likelihood o ka ulu o ka popopo, a me ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganism ().

ʻAʻole ulu wale ka mould i kāu meaʻai ma ka home. Hiki iā ia ke ulu i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, me ka ulu ʻana, ʻohi ʻana, mālama ʻana a me ka hana ʻana ().

ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau e hiki ke ulu i ka mould

Ma lalo iho nei kekahi mau meaʻai maʻamau a ka punahelu makemake e ulu ai:

• Hua: Me nā ʻōpala, nā ʻalani, nā hua waina, nā ʻāpala a me nā raspberries
• Nā mea kanu: Me nā ʻōmato, nā bele bele, ka pua kō a me nā kāloti
• Palaoa: ʻOi loa ke loaʻa ʻole nā ​​preservatives
• Keiki: ʻO nā ʻano palupalu a paʻakikī hoʻi

Hiki ke ulu ka mould i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻiʻo, nā nati, ka waiū a me nā meaʻai i hana ʻia.

Pono ka hapa nui o nā mould i ka oxygen e ola ai, ʻo ia ke kumu e ulu pono ʻole ai kahi e kaupalena ʻia ai ka oxygen. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka punahelu ke ulu maʻalahi ma luna o ka meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pahu airtight ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana.

Pono ka hapa nui o nā mould i nā mākū e ola ai, akā ʻo kekahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ka moʻo xerophilic hiki ke ulu i kekahi manawa i nā wahi maloʻo, momona. Hiki ke loaʻa nā moʻo Xerophilic i kekahi manawa ma ke kokoleka, nā hua maloʻo a me nā mea i hoʻomoʻa ʻia (,,).

Hiki i nā bacteria ke hoʻohaumia i ka meaʻai

ʻAʻole wale ka punahelu i hiki ke ola a i kāu meaʻai. Hiki ke ulu pū me nā koʻohune ʻike ʻole ʻia.

Hiki i ke koʻohune ke hana i nā maʻi hānau, me nā ʻōuli e like me ka nausea, ka palahī a me ka luaʻi. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau maʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā koʻohune, ka nui i ʻai ʻia a me ke olakino o kēlā me kēia (1, 6).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:Hiki ke ulu ka mould i ka nui o nā meaʻai. ʻO nā meaʻai e ulu pono ana ka palaina e hoʻomaʻamaʻa me ka wai piha. Hoʻopili kēia i nā huaʻai, nā lauʻai, ka berena a me ka tī. Pono ka hapa nui o nā mould i ka wai, akā hiki i kekahi ke ulu i nā meaʻai maloʻo a kō.

He aha e hana ai inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pala ma kāu meaʻai

Ma ka laulā, inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pala i nā meaʻai palupalu, pono ʻoe e hoʻolei.

Loaʻa i ka meaʻai palupalu kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, no laila hiki wawe ke ulu ma lalo o kona ʻili, kahi e paʻakikī e ʻike. Hiki pū ke kanu pū me ia.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka moʻo ma nā meaʻai paʻakikī, e like me ka tī paʻakikī. E ʻoki wale i ka hapa mōlina. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka ʻai a paʻakikī ʻia e ka punahelu.

Eia naʻe, inā uhi paʻa ʻia ka meaʻai me ka punahelu pono ʻoe e hoʻolei. Eia kekahi, inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pala, mai honi ʻoe, no ka mea he kumu ia e pilikia ai ka hanu.

Nā Mea ʻai Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopakele

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēia mau mea meaʻai inā ʻoki ʻia ka punahelu (1):

• Nā huaʻai paʻa a me nā lauʻai: E like me nā ʻoma, nā pepa bele a me nā kāloti
• Paukū paʻa: ʻO nā wahi ʻelua kahi hapa ʻole o ka hana ʻana, e like me Parmesan, a ma kahi o ka punahelu kahi ʻāpana o ka hana ʻana, e like me Gorgonzola
• ʻO nā salami paʻakikī a me nā hams o ka ʻāina maloʻo

Ke wehe ʻana i ka pala mai ka meaʻai, ʻokiʻoki ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1 ʻīniha (2.5 cm) a puni a ma lalo o ka punahelu. Eia kekahi, e akahele e hoʻopā ʻole i ka punahelu me ka pahi.

Nā Mea ʻai E Pono E Kiola

Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka pala ma kēia mau mea, hoʻolei iā lākou (1):

• Nā huaʻai a me nā lau nahenahe: E like me nā strawberry, kukama a me nā ʻōmato.
• Pālea palupalu: E like me ka hale liʻiliʻi a me ka tī waiūpaʻa, a me ka palaoa i wili ʻia, a ʻoki ʻia a ʻoki ʻia hoʻi. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia i ka tī i hana ʻia me ka punahelu akā ua hoʻouka ʻia e kahi punahelu ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ia he ʻāpana o ke kaʻina hana.
• Nā berena a me nā mea i hoʻomoʻa ʻia: Hiki wawe ke ulu ma lalo o ka ʻili.
• Nā meaʻai i kuke ʻia: Nā casseroles, ʻiʻo, pasta a me nā hua.
• Jam a me nā jellies: Inā mouldy nā huahana, hiki i loko o lākou mycotoxins.
• Peanut butter, legume a me nā nati: ʻO nā huahana i hana ʻia me ka ʻole o nā preservatives ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka hoʻoheheʻe ulu.
• ʻAi ʻiʻo, ʻai, ʻīlio wela
• Yogurt a me ka kirīmiwa kawa

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:ʻO ka meaʻai palupalu me kahi ʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa paha ka punahelu. Hiki iā ʻoe keʻokiʻoki i ka pala o nā meaʻai paʻakikī a paʻa paha.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka punahelu e hana i kekahi meaʻai

ʻAʻole makemake hou ʻia ka punahelu i ka meaʻai.

Penikila ʻO ia ka genus o nā mould i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano tī, e like me ka waiū polū, Gorgonzola, brie a me Camembert (,).

Kūpono nā kānana i hoʻohana ʻia ai kēia mau paʻi wai e ʻai no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā mycotoxins weliweli. ʻAʻole kūpono nā kūlana a lākou e noho ai i loko o ka tī no ka hana ʻana o mycotoxins (,).

ʻO nā moʻo palekana ʻo nā koji puna, me nā Aspergillus oryzae, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻāhu i nā soya i mea e hana ai i ka mea ʻono. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hana i ka vīnega, a me nā mea inu hū, me ka mea inu Kepani sake ().

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai ua hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau moʻo i nā meaʻai kikoʻī i ka wā o ka hana ʻana e hoʻokō i kekahi mau hopena, hiki i nā moʻo like ke hōʻino i nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

O kahi laʻana, Penicillium roqueforti Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka waiū polū, akā e hoʻopōʻino inā ulu ia i ka tī hou a i ʻole grated ().

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo: Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana meaʻai i nā moʻo kikoʻī e hana i ka tī, ka soy, ka vīnega a me nā mea inu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Palekana kēia mau moʻo i ka ʻai, ke hoʻopau ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā meaʻai a lākou e makemake ai a mai hoʻohaumia i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i ka punahelu ke hana i kaʻu Mycotoxins

Hiki i ka punahelu ke hana i nā kemika ʻino i kapa ʻia ʻo mycotoxins. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i ka maʻi a hiki i ka make, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui i ʻai ʻia, ka lōʻihi o ke kū ʻana a me ka makahiki a me ke olakino o kēlā me kēia ().

Huʻi ka hoʻowahāwahā i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e like me ka luaʻi a me ka diarrhea, a me ka maʻi akepaʻa ake. Hiki i nā pae haʻahaʻa lōʻihi o mycotoxins ke kāohi i ka ʻōnaehana paleʻea a hiki i ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai (,).

Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana ma o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā meaʻai i haumia, hiki i nā kānaka ke wehe ʻia ma o ka inhalation a i ʻole ka pili ʻana o ka ʻili me nā mycotoxins i ke kaiapuni ().

ʻOiai ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka popopo, ʻaʻole ʻike maka ʻia ka mycotoxins iā lākou iho (14).

ʻO kekahi o nā mycotoxins maʻamau, ʻoi loa a me nā mycotoxins i aʻo nui ʻia, ʻo ia ʻo aflatoxin. He kinikōne ʻike ʻia ia a hiki ke kumu i ka make inā ʻai ʻia i nā nui. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka hoʻowahāwahā Aflatoxin i nā wahi mehana a pili pinepine i nā kau maloʻo ().

ʻO Aflatoxin, a me nā mycotoxins ʻē aʻe, wela-paʻa loa, no laila hiki ke ola i ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai. No laila, aia paha i loko o nā meaʻai i hana ʻia, e like me ka waiū pī ().

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:Hiki i ka punahelu ke hana i nā mycotoxins i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka maʻi a me ka make. ʻO Aflatoxin, kahi carcinogen i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ka mycotoxin ʻike nui ʻia.

Aia paha nā mycotoxins i mau meaʻai

Loaʻa paha nā mycotoxins i ka meaʻai ma muli o nā mea kanu haumia.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he pilikia maʻamau ka hoʻohaunaele mycotoxin i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, ʻoiai nā mycotoxins e hana ʻia e ka puna i ke ʻano. Hiki i ka 25% o nā mea kanu palaoa o ka honua ke hoʻopili ʻia me mycotoxins ().

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, e like me ke kulina, nā ʻoka, ka laiki, nā nati, nā mea ʻala, nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.

Hoʻohuli kekahi mau kumu i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o mycotoxins. ʻO kahi laʻana, nāwaliwali nāwaliwali nā mea kanu, e hoʻonui ana iā lākou i ka hōʻino a me ka infestation (,).

Hiki i nā huahana holoholona, ​​e like me kaʻiʻo, ka waiū a me nā hua manu, ke loaʻa pū me mycotoxins inā ʻai nā holoholona i ka hānai haumia. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe pū ʻia ka meaʻai me nā mycotoxins i ka wā e mālama ai inā mahana a mehana hoʻi ka wahi mālama (,).

I loko o kahi hōʻike mai ka European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 26% o 40,000 mau laʻana o nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole i loaʻa nā mycotoxins. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka helu o nā laʻana i ʻoi aku i ka palena luna palekana he haʻahaʻa loa ia no ka nui o nā mea (16).

Ua loaʻa nā pae kiʻekiʻe i nā hua pisetakia a me Brazil.

Ma mua o 21% o nā nati Brazil a me 19% o nā pistachios i hoʻāʻo ʻia i ʻoi aku i ka palena o ka palekana palekana a ʻaʻole hoʻi e komo i ka mākeke. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻohe o nā meaʻai pēpē a ʻo 0.6% wale nō o ka palaoa i ʻoi aku i ka palena palekana (16).

Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke kāohi piha ʻia ʻo mycotoxin hoʻokumu, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻoihana meaʻai i nā ʻano hana o ka nānā ʻana iā ia. Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻia nā pae o mycotoxins i nā meaʻai ma kahi o 100 mau ʻāina (,,).

ʻOiai ʻoe e hōʻike i nā mea liʻiliʻi o kēia mau toxins ma o kāu papaʻai, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku nā pae i nā palena palekana. Inā he kanaka olakino ʻoe, ʻaʻole paha lākou e hana ʻino iā ʻoe. Minamina, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻole i ka hōʻike ākea.

A ʻoiai hiki i ka pala ke hana i kēia mau lāʻau hoʻoweliweli, ʻaʻole hana ia a hiki i ka wā i oʻo ai ka moʻo a kūpono nā kūlana - ʻo ia hoʻi, ke pala ka meaʻai. No laila i ka manawa e loaʻa ai kāu meaʻai i kēia mau mea make, ua hoʻolei paha ʻoe iā ia (18).

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:Aia nā kūmole i ke kūlohelohe a loaʻa paha i nā meaʻai. Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻia nā pae o mycotoxins i ka meaʻai. Hoʻopuka ka puna i nā toxins ke hiki i ke kūlana makua, akā hana wale kēia ma hope o kou kīloi ʻana iā ia i waho.

Ma muli o ka hopena i nā hopena āpau

Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe i ka maʻi āpau i ka hopena, a ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai momona hiki ke kumu i ka hopena o kēia poʻe.

ʻAʻole nui ka noiʻi e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, akā aia kekahi mau hihia hihia.

I nā helu liʻiliʻi o nā hihia, ua hōʻike ka poʻe i maʻi āpau i ka punahelu i nā ʻōuli maʻi maʻi ma hope o kā lākou ʻai ʻana iā Quorn. ʻO Quorn kahi huahana meaʻai i hana ʻia mai mycoproteins, a i ʻole nā ​​protein fungal, i loaʻa mai i ka punahelu Fusarium venenatum (, , , ).

ʻOiai kēia mau hanana, ʻaʻohe pono no nā kānaka olakino e hōʻalo iā Quorn.

I kekahi hihia hihia, ʻo kahi mea maʻi i maʻalahi i ka hopena ua ʻike i kahi hopena maʻi kūpilikiʻi ma hope o ke komo ʻana i kahi waihona pollen bee i haumia me nā puna. ʻO Alternaria a Hale Hōʻikeʻike ().

I kekahi hihia ʻē aʻe, ua make kahi ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka punahelu i make ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka mix pancake i nui ka haumia me ka puna ().

ʻAʻole pili ka poʻe pili ʻole a ʻaihue paha i ka punahelu inā ʻaʻai lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi iki.

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻana i kēlā me kēia kanaka i maʻalahi ʻole i ka popopo i ʻike ʻia he mau ʻōuli liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka poʻe i maʻalahi i ka palaina ma hope o kaʻai ʻana i kahi hoʻomākaukau hoʻomoʻomoʻa puna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui nā noiʻi e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, no laila e pono hou ana kahi noiʻi ().

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:Hiki i nā poʻe me nā ʻōpū hanu i ka hopena ke ʻike i kahi hopena maʻi ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka pala. Pono hou ka noiʻi e pili ana i kēia kumuhana.

Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale i ka meaʻai mai ka ulu ulu ʻana?

Nui a hewahewa nā ala e pale aku ai i ka ʻai mai ka maikaʻi ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka pala.

Pono ka mālama ʻana i kāu mau wahi mālama meaʻai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, no ka mea, ʻo nā spores mai nā meaʻai momona hiki ke kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka pahu hau a i ʻole nā ​​wahi e waiho ai maʻamau. He mea nui ka lawelawe kūpono ʻana.

Eia kekahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pale aku ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa i ka meaʻai (1):

• E hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i kāu pahu hau: E holoi i ka mea i loko i kēlā me kēia mau mahina.
• E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā lako hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Pākuʻi ʻia kēia i nā kapa pā, nā ʻūlū a me nā lako hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē aʻe.
• Mai ʻae i kāu hua e pala: Loaʻa i ka meaʻai hou kahi ola papa palena. Kūʻai i kahi liʻiliʻi ma ka manawa a hoʻohana i loko o kekahi mau lā.
• E mālama i nā meaʻai maʻalahi: E mālama i nā meaʻai me nā ola papa palena, e like me nā mea kanu, i loko o ka pahu hau, a mai haʻalele iā lākou ma mua o ʻelua mau hola.
• Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā ipu mālama: E hoʻohana i nā ipu maʻemaʻe i ka wā e mālama ai i ka meaʻai a uhi iā ia i mea e pale aku ai i nā spore puna i ka lewa.
• E hoʻohana wikiwiki i nā meaʻai i koe: E ʻai i nā koena i loko o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau lā.
• Paʻahau no ka mālama wā lōʻihi: Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻolālā e ʻai koke i ka meaʻai, waiho i loko o ka pahu hau.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo:He mea nui ka maʻemaʻe e pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka pala. E mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana i kāu mau mea ʻai make i loko o ka pahu hau a mālama pono iā lākou.

Ka Laina Lalo

Loaʻa ka punahelu ma nā wahi āpau o ke kūlohelohe. Ke hoʻomaka ia e ulu ma luna o ka meaʻai, kumu ia e pala.

Hoʻopuka paha ka puna i nā mycotoxins weliweli i nā ʻano meaʻai āpau, akā ua hoʻonohonoho paʻa ʻia nā pae mycotoxin. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole e hōʻeha i nā kānaka olakino.

Eia kekahi, mycotoxins wale nō ke hana ke hele a hiki i ke oʻo. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻolei paha ʻoe i ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, pono ʻoe e hōʻalo i nā meaʻai momona i hiki ke hiki, keu hoʻi inā he alerio hanu kāu i ka pala.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e hana ʻino iki i kēia manawa.