Nā maʻi koko: Keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻulaʻula koko, nā platelet a me ka Plasma

Anter

• He aha nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi pūnana koko?
• Nā maʻi maʻi koko ʻulaʻula
• Anemia
• Thalassemia
• ʻO Polcythemia vera
• Nā maʻi maʻi koko keʻokeʻo
• Lymphoma
• Leukemia
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
• Nā maʻi platelet
• Maʻi ʻo Von Willebrand
• Hemopilia
• Thrombositosis kumu
• Nā maʻi maʻi platelet i loaʻa
• Nā maʻi maʻi Plasma
• ʻO myeloma pūnaewele Plasma
• Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai nā maʻi pūnana koko?
• He aha nā koho lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi koko?
• Laau Lapaʻau
• ʻOki kino
• He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?

He aha nā maʻi pūnana koko?

ʻO kahi maʻi maʻi koko kahi kūlana kahi e pilikia ai i kou mau kokoʻulaʻula, i nā ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā ​​huna liʻiliʻi e kapa ʻia nā platelet, kahi mea koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻōpala. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano ʻekolu āpau i ka momona o ka iwi, ʻo ia ka mea palupalu i loko o kou mau iwi. Lawe nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i ka oxygen i nā kino o kou kino. Kōkua ke koko keokeo i kou kino e hakakā i nā maʻi. Kōkua nā platelet i kou koko e kāʻei. Hoʻopilikia nā maʻi o ke koko i ka hoʻokumu a me ka hana o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia ʻano ʻāpana koko.

He aha nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi pūnana koko?

E loli nā ʻōuli ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi koko. ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o nā maʻi ʻulaʻula koko:

• luhi
• pokole o ka hanu
• pilikia i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana mai ka nele o ke koko oxygenated i ka lolo
• nāwaliwali o nā mākala
• he puʻuwai wikiwiki

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o nā maʻi paʻapū keokeo:

• nā maʻi maʻi mau
• luhi
• lilo kaumaha maopopo ʻole
• malaise, a i ʻole ka manaʻo laulā o ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole

ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi platelet:

• ʻoki a i ʻole ʻeha ʻaʻole hoʻōla a lohi paha e hoʻōla
• ʻaʻole koko ke kāpili ma hope o kahi ʻeha a ʻoki paha
• ʻili e palapū maʻalahi
• nīnūnē ʻole e wehewehe ʻia a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ke kō mai nā nū

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano maʻi o ke koko e hiki ke hoʻololi i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa.

Nā maʻi maʻi koko ʻulaʻula

Hoʻopilikia nā maʻi o ke koko ʻulaʻula i ke koko ʻulaʻula o ke kino. ʻO kēia nā pūnaewele i loko o kou koko e lawe i ka oxygen mai kou mau māmā a i ke koena o kou kino. Aia kekahi ʻano o kēia mau maʻi, hiki ke hoʻopili i nā keiki a me nā mākua.

Anemia

ʻO ka Anemia kekahi ʻano o nā maʻi koko ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka nele o ka hao hao i loko o kou koko ke kumu o kēia maʻi. Pono kou kino i ka hao e hana i ka protein hemoglobin, ka mea e kōkua i kou mau ʻulaʻula (RBC) e lawe i ka oxygen mai kou mau māmā a i ke koena o kou kino. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano anemia.

• ʻO ka anemia hemahema hao: Hana ʻia ka anemia hemahema hao ke lawa ʻole ka hao o kou kino. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke luhi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hanu no ka mea ʻaʻole e lawe ana kāu RBCs i lawa ka oxygen i kāu mau māmā. Hoʻoikaika ka mea hoʻohui hao i kēia ʻano anemia.
• Anemia anuanu: ʻO ka anemia Pernicious kahi ʻano autoimmune kahi hiki ʻole i kou kino ke omo i ka nui o ka wikamina B-12. Loaʻa kēia i kahi helu haʻahaʻa o RBC. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "pernicious," ʻo ia hoʻi weliweli, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia a make pinepine hoʻi. I kēia manawa, hoʻōla pinepine nā injection B-12 i kēia ʻano anemia.
• Anemia anplastic: ʻO ka anemia anplastic kahi ʻano laha ʻole akā koʻikoʻi ia i ka pau ʻana o kou iwi o ka iwi i ka hana ʻana i nā huna koko hou. Hiki ke hana a lohi a lohi paha, a i nā makahiki. Hiki iā ia ke waiho iā ʻoe me ka luhi a hiki ʻole ke kaua aku i nā maʻi a i ʻole ke kahe koko ʻole ʻia.
• Anemia hemolytic autoimmune (AHA): Hoʻokumu ʻo Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) i kāu ʻōnaehana pale e luku i kou mau ʻulaʻula koko ma mua o ka hiki i kou kino ke pani iā ​​lākou. Loaʻa kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana iā ʻoe o kekahi RBCs.
• Anemia sickle cell: ʻO ka anemia sickle cell (SCA) kahi ʻano anemia e huki ana i kona inoa mai kahi ʻano ʻole o ka pahi ʻole o nā ʻulaʻula i hoʻopili ʻia. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka moʻokūʻauhau, nā hunaola ʻulaʻula o nā kānaka me ka maʻi anemia o ka sickle cell i loaʻa nā mole hemoglobin abnormal, a waiho lākou a paʻa a ʻōwili. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pūnaewele koko ʻulaʻula ke lawe i ka nui o ka oxygen i kāu mau pūnaewele e like me ka hiki i nā hunaola ʻulaʻula maʻamau. Pili pū paha lākou i loko o kāu kīʻaha koko, ka pale ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko i kāu mau lālā.

Thalassemia

ʻO Thalassemia kahi hui o nā maʻi koko hoʻoili. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau maʻi e nā hoʻololi kūlohelohe e pale ai i ka hana maʻamau o hemoglobin. Ke lawa ʻole nā ​​hemoglobin o ke koko ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole hiki i ka oxygen i nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino. ʻAʻole hana pololei nā ʻōhua. Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hopena i:

• deformities iwi
• spleen hoʻonui ʻia
• pilikia puʻuwai
• lohi ka ulu ʻana a ulu ulu ʻana o nā keiki

ʻO Polcythemia vera

ʻO Polycythemia kahi maʻi ʻaʻai koko i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mutation gene. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka polycythemia, nui ka nui o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula i kāu iwi iwi. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka momona o kou koko a kahe mālie, e waiho ana iā ʻoe i ka makaʻu no nā kahe koko e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ka puʻuwai a i ʻole nā ​​hahau. ʻAʻohe lāʻau i ʻike ʻia. Hoʻopili ka mālama ʻana i ka phlebotomy, a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ke koko mai kou mau uaua, a me nā lāʻau.

Nā maʻi maʻi koko keʻokeʻo

Kōkua ke koko ʻulaʻula (leukocytes) i ka pale ʻana i ke kino i ka maʻi maʻi a me nā mea haole. Hiki i nā maʻi o ke koko keʻokeʻo ke hoʻololi i ka pale o ke kino a me ka hiki i kou kino ke hakakā i ka maʻi. Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hoʻololi i nā mākua a me nā keiki.

Lymphoma

ʻO Lymphoma kahi maʻi ʻaʻa koko e kū i ka ʻōnaehana lymphatic o ke kino. E loli a hoʻonui i nā hunaola keokeo o waho o ka kaohi. ʻO Hodgkin's lymphoma a me non-Hodgkin's lymphoma nā ʻano nui ʻelua o ka lymphoma.

Leukemia

ʻO Leukemia ka maʻi ʻaʻai koko kahi e hoʻonui ai nā hunaola keokeo malignant i loko o ka iwi o kou iwi. Leukemia paha e huʻi a maʻi paha. Ke hele mālie nei ʻo leukemia maʻi.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

ʻO Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) kahi kūlana e hoʻopili ana i nā hunaola keokeo i loko o kou iwi iwi. Hoʻopuka ke kino i nā keʻa liʻiliʻi ʻole, i kapa ʻia he blasts. Hoʻonui a hū ka pahū i nā hunaola makua a olakino hoʻi. Hiki ke holo mālie a wikiwiki paha ʻo Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Hiki i kekahi manawa i ka leukemia.

Nā maʻi platelet

ʻO nā pā koko ke pane mua ke ʻoki a i ʻole ʻeha ʻē aʻe. ʻĀkoakoa lākou ma ke kahua o ka ʻeha, e hana ana i kahi kuʻuna kūlohelohe e hoʻōki i ke kahe o ke koko. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi platelet, loaʻa i kou koko kekahi o nā ʻano ʻekolu:

• ʻAʻole lawa nā platelet. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau platelet he mea weliweli loa ia no ka mea ʻo kahi ʻeha liʻiliʻi hiki ke hōʻeha i ke koko koʻikoʻi.
• Nui loa nā platelet. Inā he nui nā platelet i loko o kou koko, hiki i ke kōkō koko ke hana a ālai i ke aʻa nui, e hana ana i ka hahau a i ʻole ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.
• Nā platelet i kūpale ʻole pono. I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā platelet deformed ke hoʻopili i nā huna koko ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​paia o kāu kīʻaha koko, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili pono. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi make weliweli o ke koko.

ʻO nā maʻi platelet ka genetic, ʻo ia hoʻi he hoʻoilina lākou. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau maʻi pū kekahi:

Maʻi ʻo Von Willebrand

ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Von Willebrand ka maʻi maʻamau i hoʻoili ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka hemahema o kahi protein i kōkua i kou koko koko, i kapa ʻia ʻo von Willebrand factor (VWF).

Hemopilia

ʻO Hemophilia paha ka maʻi puʻuwai koko kaulana loa. Kū pinepine ia i nā kāne. ʻO ka paʻakikī koʻikoʻi o ka hemophilia ka nui a hoʻolōʻihi ke kahe ʻana. Hiki i kēia kahe ʻana o ke kahe ma loko a ma waho paha o kou kino. Hiki ke hoʻomaka ke kahe ʻana me ke kumu ʻole. Hoʻopili ka mālama ʻana i kahi hōmona i kapa ʻia ʻo desmopressin no ka ʻano akahai A, hiki ke hāpai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻoliʻiliʻi, a me nā infusions o ke koko a me nā plasma no nā ʻano B a me C.

Thrombositosis kumu

ʻO ka thrombocythemia mua kahi maʻi maʻi maʻamau i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kō ʻana o ke koko. Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe i ka makaʻu kiʻekiʻe no ka hahau a hōʻeha puʻuwai paha. Kū ka maʻi i ka wā e hua ai nā iwi o kou iwi i nā platelet he nui loa.

Nā maʻi maʻi platelet i loaʻa

Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau a me nā kūlana olakino ke hoʻopili i ka hana o nā platelet. E hoʻopili pono i kāu mau lāʻau āpau me kāu kauka, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea koho i koho ʻia āu e koho ai iā ʻoe iho.Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻAhahui Hemophilia Kanada (CHA) i ka hopena o nā lāʻau maʻamau i ka platelets, keu hoʻi inā lawe lōʻihi.

• aspirin
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)
• kekahi mau antibiotic
• lāʻau lāʻau
• lahilahi koko
• lāʻau antidepressants
• anesthetics
• antihistamines

Nā maʻi maʻi Plasma

Aia kekahi ʻano nui o nā maʻi e hoʻopili i nā hunaola plasma, ke ʻano o nā hunaola keʻokeʻo i loko o kou kino e hana ana i nā mea ʻino. He mea nui kēia mau hunaola i ka hiki i kou kino ke pale aku i ka maʻi a me ka maʻi.

ʻO myeloma pūnaewele Plasma

ʻO ka myeloma Plasma kahi maʻi ʻaʻai koko liʻiliʻi e ulu ana i nā hunaola plasma i ka iwi iwi. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā hunaola plasma malignant i ka iwi iwi a hana i nā tumors i kapa ʻia plasmacytomas, ma nā iwi e like me ka iwi kuamoʻo, nā pūhaka, a i ʻole nā ​​iwi ʻaoʻao. Hoʻokumu nā hunaola plasma ʻino i nā mea ʻino i kapa ʻia monoclonal (M) protein. Kūkulu kēia mau protein i ka momona o ka iwi, e hoʻonui ana i nā protein maikaʻi. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻino ʻia o ke koko a me nā puʻupaʻa. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka myeloma cell plasma.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai nā maʻi pūnana koko?

E kauoha paha kāu kauka i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua, e like me ka helu piha ʻana o ke koko (CBC) e ʻike ai i ka nui o kēlā me kēia ʻano o ke koko āu. Hiki paha i kāu kauka ke kauoha aku i kahi biopsy iwi iwi e ʻike inā aia kekahi mau pūnaewele ʻē aʻe e ulu ana i kāu momona. Pili kēia i ka hemo ʻana o kahi iwi liʻiliʻi o ka iwi iwi no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

He aha nā koho lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi koko?

Pili kāu papa hana i ke kumu o kou maʻi, kou makahiki, a me kou kūlana olakino holoʻokoʻa. Hiki paha i kāu kauka ke hoʻohana i kahi hui o nā mālama e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kāu maʻi koko.

Laau Lapaʻau

ʻO kekahi o nā koho lāʻau lapaʻau me nā lāʻau e like me Nplate (romiplostim) e hoʻoulu ai i ka iwi o ka iwi e hana i nā pā i loko o kahi maʻi platelet. No nā maʻi keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo, hiki i nā antibiotic ke kōkua i ke kaua ʻana i nā maʻi. Hiki i nā mea hoʻopihapihaʻaiʻai e like me ka hao a me ka huaʻai B-9 a i ʻole B-12 ke mālama i ka anemia ma muli o nā hemahema. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Vitamin B-9 ʻo folate, a ʻo ka lāʻau B-12 i kapa ʻia he cobalamin.

ʻOki kino

Hiki paha i nā mea hoʻoneʻe iwi ke hoʻoponopono a pani i ka momona o ka iwi. Pili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i nā hunaola koʻokoʻo, maʻa mau mai ka mea hāʻawi, i kou kino e kōkua i kou iwi iwi e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i nā hunaola maʻamau. ʻO ke kāpili koko kahi koho ʻē aʻe e kōkua iā ʻoe e pani i nā huna koko a lilo a i hōʻino ʻia. I ke kōpili ʻana o ke koko, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka infusion o ke koko olakino mai kahi mea hāʻawi.

Pono nā kaʻina hana ʻelua i nā pae hoʻohālikelike kikoʻī e kūleʻa ai. Pono e hoʻohālikelike a hāʻawi kokoke paha i nā mea hāʻawi iwi iwi i kāu ʻike pili koko. Pono nā transfusions koko i kahi mea hāʻawi me kahi ʻano koko kūpono.

He aha ka manaʻo lōʻihi?

ʻO ka nui o nā maʻi o ke kelepona e pili ana i kou ʻike o ka noho ʻana me kekahi o kēia mau ʻano e ʻokoʻa loa mai kahi mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kuhi a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua nā ala maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia ai i kou ola ʻana i ke olakino a me ke ola piha me kahi maʻi maʻi koko.

Hoʻololi nā hopena ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano lāʻau i ke kanaka. E noiʻi i kāu mau koho, a kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e ʻike i ka lāʻau kūpono no ʻoe.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pūʻulu kākoʻo a i ʻole kākāʻōlelo e kōkua iā ʻoe e hana me nā kaumaha o ka naʻau e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi maʻi koko he mea kōkua kekahi