Ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal

ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻomaka ma ka anus. ʻO ka anus ka wehe ma ka hope o kāu kiko. ʻO ka pololei ka ʻāpana hope loa o kou ʻōpū nui kahi e waiho ai nā ʻōpala paʻa mai ka meaʻai (stool). Haʻalele ʻo Stool i kou kino ma o ka anus ke loaʻa ʻoe i kahi ʻōpū.

Kākaʻikahi ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Pālahalaha a maʻalahi hoʻi e mālama ma mua o ka pālahalaha ʻana.

Hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal ma nā wahi āpau o ka anus. Ma kahi e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

• Ka maʻi kanesa puʻukū. ʻO kēia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Hoʻomaka ia i nā keena e hoʻopili i ka canal anal a ulu i loko o nā mea hohonu.
• Kanu maʻi ʻo Cloacogenic. ʻAneʻane ʻo nā koena āpau o nā maʻi ʻākā anal nā ʻōpala e hoʻomaka i nā hunaola e uhi ana i ka wahi ma waena o ka anus a me ka pololei. ʻOkoʻa ka lāʻau kanesa Cloacogenic ma mua o nā maʻi ʻaʻa squamous, akā like ke ʻano like a mālama like ʻia.
• Adenocarcinoma. ʻAno laha ʻole kēia ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai anal ma United States. Hoʻomaka ia i nā ʻōpū anal ma lalo o ka ʻili anal a ʻoi aku ka holomua ke ʻike ʻia.
• Maʻi ʻaʻai ʻili. Kū kekahi o nā maʻi ʻaʻai ma waho o ka anus ma kahi perianal. ʻO kēia ʻili ka ʻili. ʻO nā tumors he maʻi maʻi ʻili ia a mālama ʻia e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai.

ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi loulou ma waena o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal a me ka papillomavirus kanaka a i ʻole ka maʻi HPV. ʻO HPV kahi maʻi lele i hoʻopili ʻia i pili i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe pū kekahi.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe e pili pū me:

• Maʻi maʻi HIV / AIDS. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal ma waena o nā kāne maikaʻi o ka maʻi HIV / AIDS i moe kolohe me nā kāne ʻē aʻe.
• Hana moekolohe. Loaʻa ka nui o nā pilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoa kolohe a me ka moekolohe ʻana. Ma muli paha o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka makaʻu no ka maʻi HPV a me ka maʻi HIV / AIDS.
• Puhipaka. ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana e hōʻemi i kou makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal.
• ʻŌnaehana pale nawaliwali. ʻO ka maʻi HIV / AIDS, nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi, kekahi mau lāʻau, a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻonui ai i kou makaʻi.
• Makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal he makahiki 50 a ʻoi paha. I nā hihia kakaikahi, ʻike ʻia ia i ka poʻe ʻōpio ma mua o 35 mau makahiki.
• Ka moekolohe a me ka lāhui. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal ma waena o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne i ka hapa nui o nā hui. Loaʻa nā kāne ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal ma mua o nā wahine.

ʻO ke kahe ʻana o ka Rectal, liʻiliʻi pinepine, kekahi o nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, manaʻo kuhi hewa ke kanaka i ke kahe ʻana o ka hemorrhoids.

ʻO nā ʻōuli a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe e pili pū me:

• He puʻupuʻu i loko a i ʻole kokoke i ka anus
• ʻEha ʻeha
• Kāwili
• Hoʻokuʻu mai ka anus
• Hoʻololi i nā ʻano ʻōpū
• Pehu nā lymph node i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻāpana anal

ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal e kahi hōʻike digital rectal exam (DRE) i ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua kino maʻamau.

E nīnau kāu mea mālama ola e pili ana i kāu mōʻaukala olakino, e like me ka mōʻaukala, nā maʻi i hala, a me kāu ʻano olakino. Hiki i kāu mau pane ke kōkua i kāu mea nāna e hoʻomaopopo i kāu mau pilikia no ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal.

E noi paha kāu mea hāʻawi i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe. Pākuʻi ʻia lākou:

• Anoscopy
• Palapala Hoʻolaha
• Kukuna ultrasound
• ʻO Biopsy

Inā hōʻike kekahi hōʻike iā ʻoe ua loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai, e hana paha kāu mea hāʻawi i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku i "pae" i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Kōkua ke kau ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kou kino a inā ua pālahalaha ia.

Pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻoholo ai pehea e mālama ʻia ai.

Mālama ʻia ka lapaʻau ʻana no ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal.

• Ke kahua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Kahi e kū ai ka tumo
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV / AIDS a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale
• Inā ua pale aku ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ka lapaʻau mua a i ʻole hoʻi mai ia

I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal ʻaʻole hohola ʻia me ka radiation radiation a me ka chemotherapy pū. Hiki i ka radiation wale nō ke mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Akā ʻo ke ana kiʻekiʻe e pono ai ke kumu o ka make ʻana o ka ʻaʻa a me ka ʻaʻa ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chemotherapy me ka radiation e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i ka mahele o ka radiation e pono ai. Hana like kēia e mālama pono i ka maʻi ʻaʻai me nā hopena ʻē aʻe.

No nā tumors liʻiliʻi loa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kahakaha, ma kahi o ka radiation a me ka chemotherapy.

Inā koe ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma hope o ka pāhawewe a me ka chemotherapy, koi pinepine ʻia ke ʻōpala. Pili paha kēia i ka hemo ʻana i ka anus, ke kihi, a me kahi ʻāpana o ke kolona. Hoʻopili ka hopena hou o ka ʻōpū nui i kahi wehe (stoma) i loko o ka ʻōpū. Kapa ʻia ke kaʻina hana he colostomy. Ke neʻe nei nā ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū ma o ka stoma i loko o kahi ʻeke i pili i ka ʻōpū.

Hoʻopili ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kou manaʻo e pili ana iā ʻoe iho a me kou ola. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomāmā i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ma ke komo ʻana i kahi hui kākoʻo maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO ke kaʻana ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻike a me nā pilikia maʻamau hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻemi i ka noho wale.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke noi i kāu mea lawelawe a i ʻole nā ​​limahana ma ke kikowaena mālama maʻi ʻaʻai e kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i kahi hui kākoʻo maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Hoʻolahalaha mālie ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal. Me ka lapaʻau mua, ʻo ka hapanui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal ʻaʻole manuahi ma hope o 5 mau makahiki.

Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hopena ʻaoʻao mai ke ʻoki ʻana, chemotherapy, a i ʻole radiation radiation.

E ʻike i kāu mea hāʻawi inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o nā ʻōuli e hiki ke loaʻa o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal, keu hoʻi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o nā kumu pilikia no ia.

Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ke kumu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale aku iā ia. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai i kāu makaʻu.

• E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka moekolohe e palekana i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi HPV a me HIV / AIDS. ʻO ka poʻe e moekolohe me nā hoa he nui a i ʻole i ka wahine anal pale ʻole ʻia e makaʻu nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia mau maʻi. Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka condom ke hāʻawi i kahi pale, akā ʻaʻole ka palekana holoʻokoʻa. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i kāu koho.
• E noi i kāu mea hoʻolako e pili ana i ka lāʻau āpau HPV a inā ʻoe e loaʻa.
• MAI Puhi. Inā ʻoe e puhi, hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou makaʻu no ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Maʻi ʻaʻai - anus; Carcinoma pūnaewele ʻōpala - anal; HPV - ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal

Hallemeier CL, Haddock MG. Ka maʻi kanesa anal. I: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, eds. ʻO Gunderson & Tepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 59.

Pūnaewele ʻo National Cancer Institute. Mālama i ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal - mana ʻoihana olakino. www.kanaka.gov/types/anal/hp/anal-treatment-pdq. Hoʻohou i Ianuali 22, 2020. Loaʻa iā ʻOkakopa 19, 2020.

Shridhar R, Shibata D, Chan E, Thomas CR. Ka maʻi ʻaʻai anal: nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana a me nā loli hou o ka hana. ʻO CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65 (2): 139-162. PMID: 25582527 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25582527/.