ʻO ka maʻi diabetes a me nā maka

Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hōʻeha i nā maka. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi i ka retina, ka ʻaoʻao hope o kou maka. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano he retinopathy diabetic.

Hoʻonui pū ka diabetes i ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka glaucoma, cataract, a me nā pilikia maka ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka diabetic retinopathy e ka hōʻino ʻia mai ka maʻi diabetes i nā kīʻaha koko o ka retina. ʻO ka retina ka papa o nā mea i ka hope o ka maka o loko. Hoʻololi ia i nā kukui a me nā kiʻi i komo i ka maka i nā neʻena nerve, i hoʻouna ʻia i ka lolo.

ʻO ka retinopathy diabetic kahi kumu nui o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike a makapō paha o nā ʻAmelika mai 20 a 74 mau makahiki. ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type 1 a i ʻole ʻano 2 e makaʻu no kēia ʻano.

ʻO ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka retinopathy a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ke:

• Ua lōʻihi kou loaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.
• Ua mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia kāu kō kō (glucose).
• Puhi pū ʻoe a i ʻole he kaʻe koko kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cholesterol.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko i kou maka, hiki i kekahi ʻano hoʻoikaika kino ke hana i ka pilikia iʻoi aʻe ka maikaʻi. E hōʻoia me kāu mea mālama ola ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi papahana hoʻoikaika kino.

ʻO nā pilikia maka ʻē aʻe i hiki i nā poʻe me ka maʻi kō ke:

• Cataract - Ke ao o nā aniani maka.
• Glaucoma - Hoʻonui i ka kaomi i ka maka e hiki ai i ka makapō.
• Edema macular - ʻike maka ʻole ʻia ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai i kahi o ka retina e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike kiko waena.
• Hoʻomaha retina - Scarring i kumu i huki ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka retina mai ka hope o kāu maka maka.

ʻO ke kō kiʻekiʻe o ke kō a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi wikiwiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i ke kō e ʻike pinepine. ʻO kēia no ka hiki ʻole i nā aniani i ka waena o ka maka ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano ke nui ke kō a me ka wai i ka aniani. ʻAʻole kēia ka pilikia e like me ka retinopathy diabetic.

ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka diabetic retinopathy a hiki i ka hōʻeha nui ʻana o kou mau maka. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino i ka hapa nui o ka retina ma mua o ka hopena o kāu ʻike.

Nā ʻōuli o retinopathy diabetic pū kekahi:

• ʻIke maka a me ka nalo ʻana o ka hihi i ka manawa
• Nā Luaʻau
• Nā aka a i ʻole nā ​​wahi e nalo ana o ka hihiʻo
• Pilikia ka ʻike ʻana i ka pō

Nui nā poʻe me ka retinopathy diabetic mua i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona ma mua o ke kahe ʻana o ka maka i ka maka. ʻO kēia ke kumu e loaʻa ai i kēlā me kēia kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes nā hōʻike maka maka maʻamau.

E nānā ana kāu kauka maka i kou mau maka. E noi mua ʻia paha ʻoe e heluhelu i kahi pakuhi maka. A laila e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kulu maka e hoʻonui ai i nā haumāna o kou mau maka. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā hoʻāʻo ʻana:

• Ke ana ʻana i ke kaomi wai i loko o kou mau maka (tonometry)
• Ke nānā nei i nā hanana i loko o kou mau maka (hōʻike kukui kukui)
• Ke nānā nei a paʻi kiʻi ʻana i kāu retinas (fluorescein angiography)

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kahua mua o ka retinopathy diabetic (nonproliferative), ʻike paha ke kauka maka:

• ʻO nā kīʻaha koko i ka maka e ʻoi aku ka nui ma kekahi mau kiko (i kapa ʻia microaneurysms)
• Nā kīʻaha koko i ālai ʻia
• ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe (retinal hemorrhages) a me ke kahe ʻana o ka wai i ka retina

Inā ʻoe i holomua retinopathy (hoʻonui), ʻike ke kauka maka:

• E hoʻomaka ana nā kīʻaha koko e ulu i ka maka nāwaliwali a hiki ke kahe
• Nā scars liʻiliʻi e hana ana ma ka retina a ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka maka (ka vitreous)

ʻOkoʻa kēia hōʻike mai ka hele ʻana i ke kauka maka (optometrist) e nānā i kāu ʻike a ʻike inā pono ʻoe i nā aniani hou. Inā ʻoe e ʻike i kahi loli i ka hihiʻo a ʻike i kahi optometrist, e ʻike pono ʻoe e haʻi i ka optometrist he maʻi diabetes kou.

ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe me ka retinopathy diabetic mua i ka lāʻau. Akā pono lākou e ukali pono ʻia e ke kauka maka i aʻo ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi maka diabetic.

I ka manawa e ʻike ai kāu kauka maka i nā kīʻaha koko hou e ulu ana i kāu retina (neovascularization) a i ʻole e hoʻomōhala i ka edema macular, pono ʻia ka lapaʻau.

ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana o ka maka ka lapaʻau nui no ka retinopathy diabetic.

• Hana ka ʻoki ʻana o ka maka kukuna i ke kuni liʻiliʻi i ka retina kahi e loaʻa ai nā kīʻaha koko ʻokoʻa. Kapa ʻia kēia hana he photocoagulation. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i nā moku mai kahe ʻana, a i ʻole e hōʻemi i nā moku kūpono ʻole.
• Hoʻohana ʻia ke kīʻaha i kapa ʻia ka vitrectomy ke kahe ʻia ke kahe (hemorrhage) i ka maka. Hoʻohana ʻia nō ia e hoʻoponopono i kahi kaʻawale retina.

ʻO nā lāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnipō e kōkua paha i ka pale ʻana i nā kīʻaha koko mai ka ulu ʻana.

E hāhai i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a kou kauka maka e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i kāu ʻike. E nānā i nā hoʻokolohua maka e like me ka manawa i paipai pinepine ʻia, hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 1 a 2 mau makahiki.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi diabetes a kiʻekiʻe loa ke kō kō, e hāʻawi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe i nā lāʻau hou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kou kiʻekiʻe o ke kō. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka retinopathy diabetic, hiki i kou ʻike ke lilo i mea ʻino no kekahi manawa pōkole ke hoʻomaka ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau e hoʻomaikaʻi koke i kou kiʻekiʻe kō kō.

Hiki i nā kumuwaiwai he nui ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i ka maʻi kō. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā ala e mālama ai i kāu retinopathy diabetic.

• ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika - www.diabetes.org
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
• Kāohi iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa - www.preventblindness.org

Hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i kāu maʻi diabetes i ka retinopathy diabetic a me nā pilikia maka ʻē aʻe. Kaohi i kou kō kō (glucose) pae e:

• ʻAi i nā meaʻai olakino
• Ke kiʻi i ka hoʻoikaika kino maʻamau
• Ke nānā nei i kāu kō kō e like me ke kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia e kāu mea maʻi diabetes a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi moʻohelu o kāu helu i ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻano o nā meaʻai a me nā hana e hoʻopili i kou kiʻekiʻe kō kō.
• Lawe i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka insulin e like me ke kauoha

Hiki i nā mālama ʻana ke hōʻemi i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻōla i ka retinopathy diabetic a i ʻole hoʻohuli i nā loli i hala.

Hiki i ka maʻi diabetic maka ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike a me ka makapō.

Kāhea i kahi manawa me ke kauka maka (ophthalmologist) inā he maʻi diabetes ʻoe a ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i ka ophthalmologist i ka makahiki i hala.

Kāhea i kāu kauka inā he hou kekahi o nā ʻōuli aʻe a i ʻole ke ʻino aʻe paha:

• ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maikaʻi i ke kukui uila.
• He mau kiko makapō ʻoe.
• He ʻike pālua kāu (ʻike ʻoe i nā mea ʻelua inā hoʻokahi wale nō).
• Huehue a huehu paha kāu hihi a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kia.
• He ʻeha kou i kekahi o kou mau maka.
• He ʻeha poʻo poʻo kou.
• ʻIke ʻoe i nā kiko e lana ana i kou mau maka.
• ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea ma ka ʻaoʻao o kāu kahua o ka hihiʻo.
• ʻIke ʻoe i nā aka.

He mea nui ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana i ke kō kō, ke koko, a me ka cholesterol no ka pale ʻana i ka retinopathy diabetic.

MAI Puhi. Inā ʻoe e kōkua i ka haʻalele ʻana, e nīnau i kāu mea hāʻawi.

ʻO nā wahine me ka maʻi diabetes e hāpai ana e pono e ʻike pinepine i nā hōʻike maka i ka wā hāpai a no hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.

Retinopathy - diabetic; Photocoagulation - retina; Retinopathy diabetic

• Mālama ka maka diabetes
• Nā hōʻoia diabetes a me nā hōʻoia
• ʻAno 2 diabetes - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka

• Hōʻike kukui kukui
• Retinopathy diabetic

ʻAhahui Diabetes ʻAmelika. 11. Nā pilikia Microvascular a me ka mālama wāwae: nā kūlana o ka mālama olakino i ka maʻi kō - 2020. Mālama Diabetes. 2020; 43 (Hōʻawi 1): S135-S151. PMID: 31862754 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

Lim JI. Retinopathy diabetic. I: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th lā. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 6.22.

Skugor M. Diabetes mellitus. I: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. ʻO Ryan's Retina. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 49.