ʻOna Opioid

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau opioid i hoʻopili ʻia me morphine, oxycodone, a me synthetic (i hana ʻia e ke kāne) narcotics opioid, e like me fentanyl. Kau ʻia lākou e mālama i ka ʻeha ma hope o ke kaha ʻana a i ke kaʻina hana niho. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e mālama i ka ʻeha nui a i ʻole ka diarrhea. ʻO ka heroin lāʻau lapaʻau ʻole he opioid pū kekahi. Ke hoʻomāinoino ʻia, hoʻonāuki nā opioids i kahi kanaka e hoʻomaha a hauʻoli nui (euphoria). I ka pōkole, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau e kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka inuʻona Opioid kahi kūlana kahi e kiʻekiʻe ʻole ai ʻoe mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau, akā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona ākea o ke kino e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke maʻi a hōʻino hoʻi.

Hiki i ka ʻona opioid ke hana i ka wā e kuhikuhi ai kahi kahu mālama ola i kahi opioid, akā:

• ʻAʻoleʻike ka mea hāʻawi i ka mea e lawe nei i kahi opioid hou ma ka home.
• He pilikia olakino ko ke kanaka, e like me ka pilikia o ke ake a me ka puʻupaʻa, e hopena maʻalahi paha ia i ka ona.
• Kauoha ka mea hāʻawi i kahi lāʻau hiamoe (sedative) i ka hoʻohui o ka opioid.
• ʻAʻoleʻike ka mea hāʻawi i kahi mea hāʻawi ʻē aʻe i kuhikuhi i kahi opioid.

I ka poʻe e hoʻohana i nā opioids e kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka ʻona ke kumu ʻia.

• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka nui o ka lāʻau
• Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi opioid me kekahi mau lāʻau ʻē aʻe, e like me nā lāʻau hiamoe a ʻalekohola paha
• Lawe i ka opioid i nā ala i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, e like me ka puhi a ʻino ʻia i loko o ka ihu (snort)

Pili nā ʻōuli i ka nui o ka lāʻau i lawe ʻia.

Hiki i nā ʻōuli o ka ʻona opioid ke hoʻopili ʻia:

• ʻO ke kūlana noʻonoʻo i loli, e like me ka huikau, delirium, a i ʻole hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike a i ʻole ka pane ʻana
• Nā pilikia hanu (lohi paha ka hanu ʻana a kū hope paha)
• Ka hiamoe nui a i ʻole lilo o ka makaʻala
• ʻO Nusea a me ka luaʻi
• Nā haumāna liʻiliʻi

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i kauoha ʻia e pili i ka hopohopo o ka mea hāʻawi no nā pilikia olakino hou aʻe. E komo pū paha nā hoʻāʻo:

• Nā hoʻāʻo koko
• CT scan o ka lolo, inā loaʻa ka maʻi o ke kanaka a i ʻole ʻeha ʻia ke poʻo
• ECG (electrocardiogram) e ana i ka hana uila i ka puʻuwai
• Pākuʻi x-ray e nānā no ka maʻi ʻaʻai
• Toxicology (lāʻau make) kānana

E ana a mālama ka mea hāʻawi i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ke kanaka, e like me ka mahana, ka pālū, ka hanu hanu, a me ke kahe o ke koko. E mālama ʻia nā ʻōuli ma ke kūpono. E loaʻa paha i ke kanaka:

• Kākoʻo hanu, me ka oxygen, a i ʻole ka paipu e hele i loko o ka waha i loko o nā akemāmā a hoʻopili i kahi mīkini hanu
• Nā wai IV
• Kapa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo naloxone (Evzio, Narcan) e ālai ai i ka hopena o ka opioid ma ke kikowaena nūhou
• Nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e pono ai

Ma muli o ka hopena o ka naloxone he pōkole pinepine, e nānā ka hui olakino i ka mea maʻi no 4 a 6 mau hola i ka keʻena pilikia. E hoʻokomo ʻia ka poʻe me ka ʻona kaulike a ʻona hoʻi i ka haukapila no 24 a 48 mau hola.

Pono kahi loiloi olakino noʻonoʻo inā suicidal ke kanaka.

Hoʻoholo nā kumu he nui i ka hopena pōkole a me ka wā lōʻihi ma hope o ka ʻona opioid. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Ke kēkelē o ka lāʻau make, no ka laʻana, inā kū ke kanaka i ka hanu ʻana, a no ka lōʻihi
• Ehia mau manawa e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā lāʻau
• Ka hopena o nā impurities i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau kū ʻole i ke kānāwai
• Nā ʻeha i hopena ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hoʻohana lāʻau
• Nā kūlana olakino paʻa

Hiki i nā pilikia olakino ke hoʻopili ʻia e like me kekahi o kēia:

• Poino paʻa paʻa paʻa
• ʻŪlū, haʻalulu
• Hoʻoemi i ka hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono
• Kūleʻa ʻole a paʻakikī e hele wāwae
• Nā maʻi ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​pōʻino mau o nā mea kino ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau

Intoxication - opioids; Hōʻino Opioid - ʻona; Hoʻohana Opioid - ʻona

Aronson JK. ʻO nā agonists receptor opioid. I: Aronson JK, hoʻoponopono. Nā hopena a Meyler o nā lāʻau. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 348-380.

Pūnaewele National on Abuse Abuse pūnaewele. Opioids. www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 29, 2019.

Pūnaewele National on Abuse Abuse pūnaewele. He aha nā pilikia olakino o ka heroin maʻi mau? www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-medical-complications-chronic-heroin-use. Hoʻohou Iune 2018. Loaʻa iā 29 ʻApelila 2019.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioids. I: Nā paia RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Nā Manaʻo Manaʻo a me ka hana lapaʻau. 9th ed. Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 156.