ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD)

ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi (COPD) kahi maʻi māmā maʻamau. He paʻakikī ka hanu ʻana o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka COPD.

ʻElua ʻano nui o COPD:

• ʻO Bronchitis mau, kahi e pili ai i ka uha wā lōʻihi me ka mucus
• Emphysema, e pili ana i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ake māmā i ka manawa

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe me COPD i ka hui pū ʻana o nā kūlana ʻelua.

ʻO ka puhipaka ke kumu nui o COPD. ʻO ka puhipaka o ke kanaka, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēlā kanaka i ka COPD. Akā puhi kekahi poʻe no nā makahiki a loaʻa ʻole iā COPD.

I nā hanana kakaʻikahi, hiki i nā poʻe ʻume ʻole i nele i kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo alpha-1 antitrypsin ke hoʻomohala i ka emphysema.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe no COPD:

• Hōʻike i kekahi mau kinoea a i ʻole ka uahi i ka wahi hana
• Hōʻike i nā nui kaumaha o ka uahi lua a me ka haumia
• Hoʻohana pinepine i kahi ahi kuke me ka ʻole o ka ea kūpono

Pākuʻi ʻia paha nā ʻōuli i kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Cough, me ka ʻole o ka hemo ʻole
• Ka luhi
• ʻO nā maʻi hanu he nui
• Ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu (dyspnea) e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka hana akahai
• Hoʻopilikia i ka hopu ʻana i ka hanu o kekahi
• ʻUhihi

Ma muli o ka ulu lohi o nā ʻōuli, ʻaʻole maopopo paha i ka poʻe he COPD kā lākou.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo maikaʻi loa no COPD kahi hoʻāʻo hana māmā i kapa ʻia ʻo spirometry. Hoʻopili kēia i ka pā paʻakikī ʻana i loko o kahi mīkini liʻiliʻi e hoʻāʻo ai i ka hiki i ka lung. Hiki ke nānā koke ʻia nā hopena.

Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi stethoscope e hoʻolohe ai i nā māmā, e hōʻike ana i ka manawa expiratory hoʻolōʻihi a i ʻole ke kani ʻana. Akā i kekahi manawa, kani nā mumū ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoiai ke COPD o kekahi.

Hiki ke kauoha ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻana o nā akemāmā, e like me nā kukuna x a me CT scans. Me kahi kukuna x, nānā paha nā akemāmā i ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoiai ke COPD o kekahi kanaka. E hōʻike pinepine kahi scan CT i nā hōʻailona o COPD.

I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua koko i kapa ʻia ke kōkō koko arterial e ana i ka nui o ka oxygen a me carbon dioxide i loko o ke koko.

Inā manaʻo ʻoe he mea mālama i kāu olakino loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hemahema alpha-1 antitrypsin, e kauoha ʻia paha kahi hōʻoia koko e ʻike i kēia ʻano.

ʻAʻohe mea ola no COPD. Akā he nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻoluʻolu i nā hōʻailona a mālama i ka maʻi mai ʻino.

Inā puhi ʻoe, ʻo kēia ka manawa e haʻalele ai. ʻO kēia ke ala ʻoi loa e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hōʻino o ka māmā.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau e mālama iā COPD:

• ʻO nā lāʻau hoʻōla wikiwiki e kōkua i ka wehe ʻana i nā alaloa
• Kaohi i nā lāʻau e hōʻemi ai i ka mumū
• ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-inflammatory e hōʻemi i ka pehu ʻana i nā alaloa
• ʻO kekahi mau antibiotic lōʻihi

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi a i ʻole i nā wā uila, pono ʻoe e loaʻa:

• ʻO Steroids e ka waha a i ʻole i kahi aa (intravenously)
• ʻO Bronchodilators ma o kahi nebulizer
• ʻOkoʻa oxygen
• Kōkua mai kahi mīkini e kōkua i ka hanu ʻana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mask a i ʻole ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi Tube endotracheal

Kākau paha kāu mea hāʻawi i nā lāʻau ʻalopika i ka wā o ka flare-ups ʻōuli, no ka mea hiki i kahi maʻi ke hoʻonui i ka COPD.

Pono ʻoe i kahi oxygen therapy ma ka home inā he haʻahaʻa kou o ka oxygen i kou koko.

ʻAʻole hoola ka pulmonary rehabilitation COPD. Akā hiki iā ia ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka maʻi, hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe e hanu i kahi ala ʻokoʻa i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke noho i ka hana a me ka maikaʻi, a mālama iā ʻoe i ka hana i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe hiki.

OLA ANA ME COPD

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea i kēlā me kēia lā e mālama i ka COPD mai ka hōʻino ʻana, pale aku i kou mau māmā, a noho i ke olakino.

Hele e kūkulu i ka ikaika:

• E nīnau i ka mea hāʻawi a mea hoʻoponopono paha i kahi mamao e hele ai.
• E hoʻonui mālie i kou hele wāwae.
• Hōʻalo i ke kamaʻilio ʻana inā he hanu kou ke hele wāwae ʻoe.
• E hoʻohana i ka lepe o ka lehelehe ke hanu ʻoe i ka hanu ʻana, e hoʻokahe i kou mau māmā ma mua o ka hanu hou.

Nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e maʻalahi ai iā ʻoe iho a puni ka home e:

• Hōʻalo i ke ea anuanu a i ʻole ke anilā wela loa
• E ʻike pono ʻaʻole e puhipuhi kekahi i kou home
• E hoʻemi i ka haumia ea ma o ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ke kapuahi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ʻē aʻe
• Mālama i ke koʻikoʻi a me kou naʻau
• E hoʻohana i ka oxygen inā kuhikuhi ʻia no ʻoe

ʻAi i nā meaʻai olakino, e like me ka iʻa, ka moa, a me ka ʻiʻo wīwī, a me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu. Inā paʻakikī e hoʻomau i kou kaupaona, e kamaʻilio me kahi mea hoʻolako a dietitian paha e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai me nā calorie hou aku.

Hiki ke hoʻohana i ke ʻoki kino a i ʻole nā ​​hana ʻē aʻe e mālama iā COPD. He mau kānaka wale nō e pōmaikaʻi i kēia mau ʻano ʻoki lāʻau:

• Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kiwikā hoʻokahi ala me ka bronchoscopy e kōkua i ka deflate i nā ʻāpana o ka akemā i hyperinflated (overinflated) i nā mea maʻi koho.
• ʻO ke kīʻaha e wehe i nā ʻāpana o ka maʻi maʻi, hiki ke kōkua i nā hapa maʻi liʻiliʻi e hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i kekahi poʻe me ka emfysema.
• ʻO ke kanu ʻana i ka naʻau no kekahi mau liʻiliʻi o nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomāmā i ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi ma ke komo ʻana i kahi hui kākoʻo.ʻO ke kaʻana ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻike a me nā pilikia maʻamau e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻole.

ʻO COPD kahi maʻi lōʻihi lōʻihi (mau). Eʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka maʻi inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻoki i ka puhipaka.

Inā he COPD koʻikoʻi kou, e pōkole ʻoe i ka hanu me nā hana he nui. E hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ʻoe i ka haukapila.

E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i nā mīkini hanu a me ka mālama hope o ke ola i ka holo ʻana o ka maʻi.

Me COPD, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe e like me:

• Kuʻi naʻau kaulike (arrhythmia)
• Pono no ka mīkini hanu a me ka oxygen therapy
• Hewa ʻaoʻao ʻākau a i ʻole cor pulmonale (hū ka puʻuwai a me ka puʻuwai ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi mau)
• Pulumonia
• ʻO ka hāhā naha (pneumothorax)
• ʻO ka hōʻemi kaumaha nui a me ka malnutrisi
• Ka lahilahi o nā iwi (osteoporosis)
• Hoʻohaunaele
• Hoʻonui i ka hopohopo

E hele i ka lumi pilikia a kāhea paha i ka helu kūloko kūloko (e like me 911) inā piʻi nui ka wikiwiki o ka hanu.

ʻO ka puhipaka ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka hapa nui o COPD. E noi i kāu mea hāʻawi e pili ana i nā papahana haʻalele-puhi paka. Loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻoki i ka puhipaka.

COPD; Maʻi maʻi alaloa; Maʻi maʻi pulupulu mau loa; Bronchitis maʻi; Emphysema; Bronchitis - maʻi mau

• Nā lāʻau Antiplatelet - nā mea kūpaka P2Y12
• ʻO ka aspirin a me ka maʻi puʻuwai
• Ke hana nei ma hope o ka hōʻeha o kou puʻuwai
• ʻO ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi - nā mākua - hoʻokuʻu
• COPD - kaohi lāʻau
• COPD - nā lāʻau hōʻalo wikiwiki
• COPD - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka
• Pehea e hanu ai inā pōkole ʻoe o ka hanu
• Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kahi nebulizer
• Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kahi inhaler - ʻaʻohe spacer
• Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kahi inhaler - me ka spacer
• Pehea e hoʻohana ai i kāu mika kahe kiʻekiʻe
• ʻOki kino - hoʻokuʻu
• E maʻa mau i ka piko
• Ka palekana o oxygen
• ʻO ka huakaʻi me nā pilikia hanu
• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka oxygen ma ka home
• Ke hoʻohana nei i ka oxygen ma ka home - he aha e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka

• ʻO Spirometry
• Emphysema
• ʻO Bronchitis
• Ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puhipaka
• COPD (maʻi pulmonary maʻi paʻa mau)
• ʻŌnaehana hanu

ʻO Celli BR, Zuwallack RL. Hoʻoulu pulmonary. I: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. ʻO Murray a me Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 105.

Ka Hoʻomaka Honua no ka maʻi maʻi hānai maʻi maʻi (GOLD) pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻolālā honua no ka hōʻailona, ​​ka hoʻokele, a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi mau: hōʻike 2020. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. Loaʻa iā Iune 3, 2020.

Han MK, Lazaro SC. COPD: ka hōʻailona hōʻoia a me ka hoʻokele. I: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. ʻO Murray a me Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. ʻElua huaʻōlelo Piladelapia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 44.

National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, a me ka pūnaewele pūnaewele Blood. Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā aupuni COPD. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/COPD%20National%20Action%20Plan%20508_0.pdf. Hoʻohou ʻia Mei 22, 2017. Loaʻa iā ʻApelila 29, 2020.